1. Introdução à endocrinologia de animais silvestres:
Romero LM, Wingfield JC. Tempests, poxes, predators, and people: stress in wild animals and how they cope. Oxford University Press; 2015 Oct 20. [capítulos específicos]
Bronson FH. Mammalian reproduction: an ecological perspective. Biology of reproduction. 1985 Feb 1;32(1):1-26. [capítulos específicos]
Wingfield JC, Sapolsky RM. Reproduction and resistance to stress: when and how. Journal of neuroendocrinology. 2003 Aug 1;15(8):711-24.
Wingfield JC, Romero LM. Adrenocortical responses to stress and their modulation in free-living vertebrates. Handbook of physiology, section. 2001;7:211-36.
McCormick SD, Romero LM. Conservation endocrinology. BioScience. 2017 Apr 26;67(5):429-42.
Endocrinologia de vida selvagem clássica:
Wingfield JC, Sapolsky RM. Reproduction and Resistance to Stress: When and How. Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 15: 711-724. 2003. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2826.2003.01033.x
Renfree MB, Fenelon JC . The enigma of embryonic diapause. Development , 144 (18), 3199 LP – 3210. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1242/dev.148213
Brown, JL. Comparative ovarian function and reproductive monitoring of endangered mammals. Theriogenology , 109 , 2–13. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.THERIOGENOLOGY.2017.12.004
2. Técnicas alternativas e não-invasivas:
Kersey DC, Dehnhard M. The use of noninvasive and minimally invasive methods in endocrinology for threatened mammalian species conservation. General and comparative endocrinology. 2014 Jul 1;203:296-306.
Hunt KE, Moore MJ, Rolland RM, Kellar NM, Hall AJ, Kershaw J, Raverty SA, Davis CE, Yeates LC, Fauquier DA, Rowles TK, Kraus SD. 2013. Overcoming the challenges of studying conservation physiology in large whales: a review of available methods. Conservation Physiology 1:cot006, doi 10.1093/conphys/cot006.
Behringer V, Deimel C, Hohmann G, Negrey J, Schaebs FS, Deschner T. Applications for non-invasive thyroid hormone measurements in mammalian ecology, growth, and maintenance. Hormones and behavior. 2018 Sep 1;105:66-85.
Madliger CL, Love OP, Hultine KR, Cooke SJ. The conservation physiology toolbox: status and opportunities. Conservation physiology. 2018 Jun 19;6(1):coy029.
3. Técnicas para o estudo de amostras alternativas:
Validando imunoensaios:
Andreasson U, Perret-Liaudet A, van Waalwijk van Doorn LJ, Blennow K, Chiasserini D, Engelborghs S, Fladby T, Genc S, Kruse N, Kuiperij HB, Kulic L. A practical guide to immunoassay method validation. Frontiers in neurology. 2015 Aug 19;6:179.
Palme R. Non-invasive measurement of glucocorticoids: Advances and problems. Physiology & Behavior , 199 , 229–243. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PHYSBEH.2018.11.021
Exemplos de validação de ensaios:
Hunt KE, Lysiak NS, Moore MJ, Seton RE, Torres L, Buck CL. 2017. Multiple steroid and thyroid hormones detected in baleen from eight whale species. Conservation Physiology 5:cox061, doi 10.1093/conphys/cox061.
Exemplos de validações farmacológicas:
Wasser SK, Cristobal-Azkarate JA, Booth RN, Hayward L, Hunt K, Ayres K, Vynne C, Gobush K, Canales-Espinosa D, Rodriguez-Luna E. 2010. Non-invasive measurement of thyroid hormone in feces of a diverse array of avian and mammalian species. General and Comparative Endocrinology 168:1-7, doi 10.1016/j.ygcen.2010.04.004.
Exemplos de validações fisiológicas:
Hunt KE, Lysiak NS, Moore MJ, Rolland RM. Longitudinal progesterone profiles in baleen from female North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) match known calving history. Conservation physiology. 2016 Jan 1;4(1).
Exemplos de fatores adicionais:
Goymann W. On the use of non‐invasive hormone research in uncontrolled, natural environments: the problem with sex, diet, metabolic rate and the individual. Methods in Ecology and Evolution. 2012 Aug;3(4):757-65.
Burgess EA, Hunt KE, Kraus SD, Rolland RM. 2018. Quantifying hormones in exhaled breath for physiological assessment of large whales at sea. Scientific Reports, 8:10031, doi 10.1038/s41598-018-28200-8.
4. Casos específicos utilizando amostras alternativas:
Fezes – estresse em elefantes
Hunninck L, Ringstad IH, Jackson CR, May R, Fossøy F, Uiseb K, Killian W, Palme R, Røskaft E. Being stressed outside the park—conservation of African elephants (Loxodonta africana) in Namibia. Conservation physiology. 2017 Dec 18;5(1):cox067.
Gobush KS, Mutayoba BM, Wasser SK. Long‐term impacts of poaching on relatedness, stress physiology, and reproductive output of adult female African elephants. Conservation Biology. 2008 Dec;22(6):1590-9.
Fezes – reproducão do lobo-guará
Songsasen N, Rodden M, Brown JL, Wildt DE. Patterns of fecal gonadal hormone metabolites in the maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus). Theriogenology. 2006 Oct 1;66(6-7):1743-50.
Fezes – reprodução em tamandua-bandeira
Patzl M, Schwarzenberger F, Osmann C, Bamberg E, Bartmann W. Monitoring ovarian cycle and pregnancy in the giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) by faecal progestagen and oestrogen analysis. Animal reproduction science. 1998 Oct 30;53(1-4):209-19.
Fezes – reprodução em Dugong
Burgess EA, Lanyon JM, Keeley T. Testosterone and tusks: maturation and seasonal reproductive patterns of live, free-ranging male dugongs (Dugong dugon ) in a subtropical population. Reproduction. 2012 May 1;143(5):683-97.
Burgess EA, Lanyon JM, Brown JL, Blyde D, Keeley T. Diagnosing pregnancy in free-ranging dugongs using fecal progesterone metabolite concentrations and body morphometrics: a population application. General and comparative endocrinology. 2012 May 15;177(1):82-92.
Fezes – estresse em baleias
Rolland, RM, Parks SE, Hunt KE, Castellote M, Corkeron PJ, Nowacek DP, Wasser SK, Kraus SD. 2012. Evidence that ship noise increases stress in right whales. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 279:2363-2368, doi 10.1098/rspb.2011.2429.
Rolland RM, McLellan WA, Moore MJ, Harms CA, Hunt KE. 2017. Fecal glucocorticoids and anthropogenic injury and mortality in North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) . Endangered Species Research 34:417-429, doi 10.3354/esr00866.
Pelos de mamíferos – estresse em ursos
Malcolm KD, McShea WJ, Van Deelen TR, Bacon HJ, Liu F, Putman S, Zhu X, Brown JL. Analyses of fecal and hair glucocorticoids to evaluate short-and long-term stress and recovery of Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus) removed from bile farms in China. General and comparative endocrinology. 2013 May 1;185:97-106.
Pelos de mamíferos – análise histórica de espécimes antigos
Koren L, Matas D, Pečnerová P, Dalén L, Tikhonov A, Gilbert MT, Wynne‐Edwards KE, Geffen E. Testosterone in ancient hair from an extinct species. Palaeontology. 2018 Nov;61(6):797-802.
Penas de aves – avaliação de estresse
Bortolotti GR, Marchant TA, Blas J, German T. Corticosterone in feathers is a long‐term, integrated measure of avian stress physiology. Functional Ecology. 2008 Jun;22(3):494-500.
Penas de aves – estresse de desenvolvimento
Will AP, Suzuki Y, Elliott KH, Hatch SA, Watanuki Y, Kitaysky AS. Feather corticosterone reveals developmental stress in seabirds. Journal of Experimental Biology. 2014 Jul 1;217(13):2371-6.
Penas de aves – estresse urbano e toxicologia
Meillère A, Brischoux F, Bustamante P, Michaud B, Parenteau C, Marciau C, Angelier F. Corticosterone levels in relation to trace element contamination along an urbanization gradient in the common blackbird (Turdus merula). Science of the Total Environment. 2016 Oct 1;566:93-101.
Barbatanas de baleias – identificando causas de mortalidade
Fernández-Ajo A, Hunt KE, Uhart M, Rowntree V, Sironi M, Marón CF, Di Martino M, Buck CL. 2018. Lifetime glucocorticoid profiles in baleen of right whale calves: potential relationships to chronic stress of repeated wounding by Kelp Gulls. Conservation Physiology 6:coy045, doi 10.1093/conphys/coy045.
Cera de ouvido de baleia – análise retrospectiva de estresse
Trumble SJ, Norman SA, Crain DD, Mansouri F, Winfield ZC, Sabin R, Potter CW, Gabriele CM, Usenko S. Baleen whale cortisol levels reveal a physiological response to 20th century whaling. Nature communications. 2018 Nov 2;9(1):4587.
Técnicas ainda em desenvolvimento para estudo de amostras alternativas: Ossos
Charapata P, Horstmann L, Jannasch A, Misarti N. A novel method to measure steroid hormone concentrations in walrus bone from archaeological, historical, and modern time periods using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry. 2018 Dec 15;32(23):1999-2023.
Garras
Matas D, Keren-Rotem T, Koren L. A method to determine integrated steroid levels in wildlife claws. General and comparative endocrinology. 2016 May 1;230:26-8.
Pele
Bechshoft T, Wright AJ, Weisser JJ, Teilmann J, Dietz R, Hansen M, Björklund E, Styrishave B. Developing a new research tool for use in free-ranging cetaceans: recovering cortisol from harbour porpoise skin. Conservation physiology. 2015 Jan 1;3(1).
Muda de serpentes
Berkvens CN, Hyatt C, Gilman C, Pearl DL, Barker IK, Mastromonaco GF. Validation of a shed skin corticosterone enzyme immunoassay in the African House Snake (Lamprophis fuliginosus) and its evaluation in the Eastern Massasauga Rattlesnake (Sistrurus catenatus catenatus). General and comparative endocrinology. 2013 Dec 1;194:1-9.
Escamas e escudos de répteis
Hamilton MT, Finger Jr JW, Elsey RM, Mastromonaco GF, Tuberville TD. Corticosterone in American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) tail scutes: Evaluating the feasibility of using unconventional samples for investigating environmental stressors. General and comparative endocrinology. 2018 Nov 1;268:7-13.
Vibrissas
Karpovich SA, Skinner JP, Kapronczai LA, Smith JA, Janz DM. Examination of relationships between stable isotopes and cortisol concentrations along the length of phocid whiskers. Mar. Mam. Sci., 35: 395-415. 2018. doi:10.1111/mms.12546
Keogh MJ, Charapata PM, Karpovich SA. Whiskers as a novel tissue for assessing reproductive histories in phocid and otariid species: laboratory and biological validations. Poster 2016
mbiolab.com 